الملخص:
شَهِدَتْ تِقْنِيَّاتُ الذَّكَاءِ الِاصْطِنَاعِيِّ تَطَوُّرًا مَلْحُوظًا فِي مُعَالَجَةِ اللُّغَاتِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةِ، مِمَّا جَعَلَهَا أَدَاةً أَسَاسِيَّةً فِي تَحْسِينِ جَوْدَةِ الْكِتَابَةِ. يَهْدِفُ هَذَا الْبَحْثُ إِلَى دِرَاسَةِ فَعَالِيَّةِ تَطْبِيقِ ChatGPT فِي تَصْحِيحِ الْأَخْطَاءِ الْإِمْلَائِيَّةِ وَالنَّحْوِيَّةِ فِي اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ، مَعَ تَقْيِيمِ دِقَّتِهِ مُقَارَنَةً بِالتَّدْقِيقِ الْبَشَرِيِّ. تَمَّ اِعْتِمَادُ الْمَنْهَجِ الْوَصْفِيِّ التَّحْلِيلِيِّ، حَيْثُ تَمَّ اخْتِبَارُ التَّطْبِيقِ فِي تَدْقِيقِ نُصُوصٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ “كَلِيلَةَ وَدِمْنَةَ” بَعْدَ إِدْخَالِ أَخْطَاءٍ مُتَعَمَّدَةٍ، بِالْإِضَافَةِ إِلَى تَجْرِبَةِ التَّدْقِيقِ فِي نُصُوصٍ بِاللَّهَجَاتِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ مِثْلَ السُّورِيَّةِ وَالْمِصْرِيَّةِ وَالْخَلِيجِيَّةِ، وَذَلِكَ لِقِيَاسِ مَدَى قُدْرَتِهِ عَلَى التَّعَامُلِ مَعَ التَّنَوُّعِ اللُّغَوِيِّ فِي الْعَرَبِيَّةِ. وَقَدْ أَظْهَرَتِ النَّتَائِجُ أَنَّ ChatGPT يَتَمَيَّزُ بِدِقَّةٍ عَالِيَةٍ فِي تَصْحِيحِ الْأَخْطَاءِ الْإِمْلَائِيَّةِ الشَّائِعَةِ، مِثْلَ تَصْحِيحِ الْحَرَكَاتِ وَعَلَامَاتِ التَّرْقِيمِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يُوَاجِهُ صُعُوبَةً فِي مُعَالَجَةِ الْأَخْطَاءِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ الَّتِي تَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى فَهْمِ السِّيَاقِ، حَيْثُ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَادِرًا عَلَى تَحْلِيلِ الْجُمْلَةِ وَتَحْقِيقِ تَوَافُقٍ نَحْوِيٍّ دَقِيقٍ فِي بَعْضِ الْحَالَاتِ. كَمَا لُوحِظَ أَنَّ أَدَاءَ التَّطْبِيقِ فِي التَّعَامُلِ مَعَ اللَّهَجَاتِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا، حَيْثُ فَشِلَ فِي فَهْمِ بَعْضِ الْمُصْطَلَحَاتِ الْعَامِّيَّةِ أَوْ تَحْوِيلِهَا إِلَى لُغَةٍ فَصِيحَةٍ بِشَكْلٍ صَحِيحٍ. عَلَاوَةً عَلَى ذَلِكَ، أَظْهَرَتِ التَّجَارِبُ أَنَّ التَّطْبِيقَ قَدْ يَقُومُ بِتَغْيِيرِ بَعْضِ الْكَلِمَاتِ أَثْنَاءَ التَّصْحِيحِ، مِمَّا يُؤَدِّي أَحْيَانًا إِلَى تَعْدِيلِ الْمَعْنَى الْأَصْلِيِّ لِلنَّصِّ. وَبِالْمُقَارَنَةِ مَعَ التَّدْقِيقِ الْبَشَرِيِّ، فَقَدْ تَفَوَّقَ ChatGPT فِي سُرْعَةِ التَّصْحِيحِ، لَكِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَادِرًا عَلَى الْوُصُولِ إِلَى مُسْتَوَى الدِّقَّةِ ذَاتِهِ، خَاصَّةً عِنْدَ مُعَالَجَةِ الْأَخْطَاءِ الدَّقِيقَةِ الْمُرْتَبِطَةِ بِالْقَوَاعِدِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ. وَبِنَاءً عَلَى هَذِهِ النَّتَائِجِ، يُوصِي الْبَحْثُ بِتَطْوِيرِ خَوَارِزْمِيَّاتِ ChatGPT بِحَيْثُ تُصْبِحُ أَكْثَرَ قُدْرَةً عَلَى فَهْمِ السِّيَاقِ اللُّغَوِيِّ وَتَحْلِيلِ الْقَوَاعِدِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ الْمُعَقَّدَةِ فِي اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ، إِضَافَةً إِلَى تَحْسِينِ قُدْرَةِ التَّطْبِيقِ عَلَى التَّعَامُلِ مَعَ اللَّهَجَاتِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ، لِيَكُونَ أَكْثَرَ دِقَّةً فِي إِعَادَةِ صِيَاغَةِ النُّصُوصِ الْعَامِّيَّةِ إِلَى الْفُصْحَى. كَمَا يُوصَى بِاسْتِخْدَامِ ChatGPT كَأَدَاةٍ مُسَاعِدَةٍ فِي التَّدْقِيقِ وَلَيْسَ بَدِيلًا عَنْ التَّدْقِيقِ الْبَشَرِيِّ، لِضَمَانِ الْحُصُولِ عَلَى نُصُوصٍ دَقِيقَةٍ وَخَالِيَةٍ مِنَ الْأَخْطَاءِ، مَعَ ضَرُورَةِ تَعْزِيزِ تِقْنِيَاتِ مُعَالَجَةِ اللُّغَةِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةِ الْخَاصَّةِ بِاللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ، بِحَيْثُ تَشْمَلُ تَحْلِيلًا أَعْمَقَ لِلنُّصُوصِ وَالْجُمَلِ وَفْقَ قَوَاعِدَ دَقِيقَةٍ. وَيُؤَكِّدُ الْبَحْثُ أَنَّ ChatGPT يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَدَاةً مُفِيدَةً فِي التَّدْقِيقِ الْإِمْلَائِيِّ وَالنَّحْوِيِّ، لَكِنَّهُ لَا يَزَالُ بِحَاجَةٍ إِلَى تَحْسِينَاتٍ جَوْهَرِيَّةٍ لِيَصِلَ إِلَى مُسْتَوَى الدِّقَّةِ الْمَطْلُوبَةِ، مِمَّا يَجْعَلُهُ خِيَارًا دَاعِمًا وَلَيْسَ بَدِيلًا كَامِلًا عَنِ التَّدْقِيقِ الْبَشَرِيِّ.
Abastract:
Artificial intelligence technologies have witnessed remarkable advancements in natural language processing, making them a fundamental tool for improving writing quality. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the ChatGPT application in correcting spelling and grammatical errors in the Arabic language, evaluating its accuracy compared to human proofreading. The descriptive analytical method was adopted, where the application was tested in proofreading texts from the book “Kalila wa Dimna” after deliberately inserting errors, in addition to testing its performance in correcting texts written in different Arabic dialects such as Syrian, Egyptian, and Gulf dialects, to assess its ability to handle linguistic diversity in Arabic. The results revealed that ChatGPT demonstrates high accuracy in correcting common spelling mistakes, such as fixing diacritical marks and punctuation errors. However, it struggles with handling grammatical errors that require contextual understanding, as it was not always able to analyze sentences correctly and ensure grammatical coherence in some cases. Moreover, the application showed weak performance in processing Arabic dialects, as it failed to interpret some colloquial terms or transform them into proper standard Arabic. Furthermore, experiments indicated that the application sometimes changes words while correcting, which may alter the original meaning of the text. When compared to human proofreading, ChatGPT excelled in speed but did not achieve the same level of accuracy, particularly in addressing complex grammatical rules. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing ChatGPT’s algorithms to improve its ability to understand linguistic context and analyze complex grammatical structures in Arabic. Additionally, improving the application’s ability to process different dialects would enable more precise rewording of colloquial texts into standard Arabic. The study also advises using ChatGPT as a supportive tool for proofreading rather than a complete replacement for human proofreading, ensuring the production of accurate and error-free texts. Furthermore, developing natural language processing (NLP) technologies for Arabic should be prioritized to allow for deeper text and sentence analysis based on precise grammatical rules. The study concludes that ChatGPT can be a useful tool for spelling and grammar checking, but it still requires substantial improvements to reach the necessary level of accuracy, making it a complementary tool rather than a full substitute for human proofreading.
اعداد :
شذا رحّال |
Shatha Rahhal |
قسم الدراسات اللغوية – كلية اللغة العربية – جامعة الزهراء الخاصة |